Unit:42 Bones ASSIGNMENT 1

 The Bone Structures...

Did you know there is 206 bones in our skeletal system?

26 bones in the human foot?

The human hand, including wrist, contains 54 bones...

The femur/thighbone, is the longest and the most strongest bone of the human skeleton.


There is is 6 different parts in our bones;

1. Compact Bone
2. Cartilage
3. Spongy Bone
4. Marrow
5. Blood Vessels 
6. Periosteum

• The most fragile bone in the humans body is the Toe Bone, as it breaks easily.

• The most commonly broken bone is the ankle, this injury happens to most of the dancers, both ankle fractures and sprained and broken ankles are often accompanied by then tendon damage.

• The most common form of bone surgery is the 'Arthroscopic Surgery' which I'll be having in August as I've got a Meniscus Knee Tear. Arthroscopic procedures on the knee increased 49% between 1996 and 2006.

There is 3 types of bones.

1. Long Bone

2. Short Bone

3. Flat Bone

The spine is a very important aspect to the human's body as it helps to hold and spread the stress caused through weight bearing. It is also massively important as the spine allows the body to be held together as our spine is made out of 33 vertebrates.









KEY MUSCLES:



SKELETAL                 

VISCERAL

CARDIAC

• The number of muscles in our body varies around 640-850

Movements of Muscles in the Body

Right now, as you read these words, your body is using muscles. Those muscles are helping your eyes scan across the page, they're helping to hold you upright, and, when you get hungry, they'll help you walk to the refrigerator to get something to eat. These muscles are called skeletal muscles, and they are the major muscles used by the human body for the purpose of locomotion.

Before we begin our investigation, let's first acknowledge that there are hundreds of muscles contained in the human body. Our investigation focuses on the 13 major (or big) muscle groups used for movement.

Upper Body Muscle Groups

The first of these groups is collectively known as the abdominal muscles. Abdominal muscles, or abs, are found overtop your stomach. You'll notice that these muscles form the midsection of the body's front side. Their primary purpose is for sitting up and supporting your posture.

To either side of your abdominal muscles are your obliques. The oblique muscles are used for twisting and turning your torso. Behind them are your erector spinae, or lower back muscles. These muscles assist with posture and lifting items. Together, the erector spinae, obliques, and abdominal muscles form your body's core or midsection.

Above your abdominal muscles, you'll find the muscles of your chest. These are known as pectoral muscles. Pectoral muscles are used for movements such as pushups, pushing open a door, or other similar motions. On either side of your pectoral muscles reside the deltoids, or shoulder muscles. These muscles are responsible for overhead lifting and rotating your arms. The deltoids form a sort of cap over your shoulder and encompass the front, side, and back of the shoulder. In back, the deltoids yield to the trapezius. The trapezius muscles are the large muscles in the upper- and mid-back. They help you move your head and aid the upper back when lifting heavy objects.

Directly below the trapezius muscles are your latissimus dorsi, or lats. These muscles form the side of your back and are responsible for posture and pulling motions, such as opening a door or rowing a boat. Collectively your deltoids, trapezius, lats, and erector spinae represent the major muscle groups of your back, just as the abdominal, deltoid, and pectoral muscles represent the major muscle groups of your front.

LINK

Joint STRUCTURES: 

• In our body we have 6 types of joints.
• The joints allow our bones to move in different ways.

which includes...

FLEXION = BENDING

EXTENSION = STRAIGHTENING

ABDUCTION = MOTION AWAY FROM THE CENTRE LINE

ADDUCTION = MOTION TOWARDS THE CENTRE LINE

ROTATION = MOTION AROUND THE JOINTS AXIS LINE

CIRCUMDUCTION = THE COMBINATION OF INVOLVING CIRCULATION MOTION

THE FOUR MAIN JOINTS: FIBROUS JOINT
                                     BALL AND SOCKET JOINT
                                     PIVOT JOINTS
                                     HINGE JOINTS

A joint normally occurs at the firm point of articulation,in other words the point that two bones meet in the skeleton... 

- The ball and socket joint is situated where the large, round head of the bone fits into the cup of another bone. This found in the way the femur fits into the bone, you can also identify this  in how the humerus fits into the scapula as that makes up the part of the shoulder bone. The ball and socket joints is important as it allows the greatest range of motion within' the humans body.

- The hinge joint permits the forward and backwards motion, these joints can been seen in the knee or in the fingers.

- Whereas the pivot joint creates a rotating motion which is the movement of the head from side to side. 

• The exercises that works the most muscles are the bench press, squat, deadlift workout. These exercises work the most muscle mass and always seems to challenge your body to the extreme. 

• Workouts to strengthen your bones is Yoga which is highly recommended,a study reported by the Yoga Journal, they've found an increase in bone mineral density in the spine mainly by women who do yoga regularly.

• To keep your knees, hips, shoulders in healthy working order which is essential for a dancer is to daily exercise, strengthen and stabilize your joints which will prevent pain and injury in the future. One leg stance balance is good for the adults who had a sports injury in the past. This exercise will help keep your knee stable while walking and performing.

While performing... the nervous system is the Central nervous system which is responsible for issuing nerve impulses and also analyzing sensor data, which includes the brain and spinal cord. The Peripheral nervous system which is mainly responsible for carrying nerve impulses to and from the body. The Autonomic nervous system is composed of the Central and Peripheral system which is responsible for regulating and coordinating the functions of the vital organs in the body.